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Vol. XXXVI, No. 1
(80 pages)

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Cover image
A quarter-plate ambrotype from the Doug York Collection pictures Virginia Ware with the Confederate First National flag.
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Table of Contents (p. 1)
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Editor’s Desk (p. 2)
In “Our Initiative to Educate Future Historians,” the editor announces the results of the Young Historians campaign and introduces the idea of sponsoring subscriptions.
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Mail Call (pp. 3-4)
Feedback includes praise for the last issue, a cover story party for the Rich Jahn family, the emergence of a Civil War image of Walter H. Thomas, Enfields and Springfields, and more.
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Passing in Review (p. 6)
Ron Field’s Silent Witness: The Civil War Through Photography and Its Photographers (Osprey Publishing) captures the spirit of the men behind the camera.
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Antebellum Warriors (p. 8)
A sixth-plate ambrotype by Mathew B. Brady from the National Portrait Gallery Collection pictures George Henry Thomas about 1855, when he was an army major. Thomas would go on to serve as a Union major general during the Civil War and earn the nom de guerre “Rock of Chickamauga.” This image is part of a current National Portrait Gallery exhibit.

Most Hallowed Ground (p. 10)
Rose Adéle Cutts, the crème de la crème of Washington society, married Sen. Stephen A. Douglas. After his untimely death in 1861, she went into an extended period of mourning. Her home, the Douglas Mansion, became a hospital for Union soldiers. She lived in an adjacent villa and visited soldiers regularly. After the war, she married an army officer, Robert Williams.

Photo Sleuth by Kurt Luther (pp. 12-14)
Kurt observes, “Facial recognition is a key consideration in photo sleuthing. Rarely definitive, face recognition is fundamentally hard, for both humans and computers.”

Confederate Mona Lisa by Doug York with Ronald S. Coddington (pp. 16-18)
Surviving documents and photographs tell the story of a forgotten Alabama belle, Virginia Frances Ware, and her connections to a prominent Vicksburg, Miss., family, famed Alabama raider Raphael Semmes, and a young naval officer connected to the highest levels of the Confederate government.

Red Blankets & Blue Blouses: Faces of Rhode Island’s First Responders, April-June 1861 (pp. 19-30)
A survey of 18 portraits of Rhode Islanders who were prompted to enlist after the bombardment of Fort Sumter. They became the 1^st Rhode Island Infantry. Identified individuals include Ambrose E. Burnside, Augustus Woodbury, William L. Bowers, Moses Brown Jenkins, William Chace, Addison Hyde White, Joseph Pope Balch, Lewis Richmond, Joseph Story Pitman, William S. Smith, Jesse Comstock, James Henry Chappell, George Frank Low and Peter Simpson Jr.

Crystal Clear: Representative portraits from the Dan Binder Collection (pp. 31-41)
A longtime collector of non-dug, pre-1865 Civil War buttons, Dan Binder changed his focus to photography in 2010. Since then, he’s amassed more than 400 images, of which 27 examples are included here.

Uniforms & History by Michael J. McAfee (p. 44)
In “Military Schoolboys Fostered ‘Virtuous Citizens,’” McAfee discusses the importance of military schools in American society, and notes that President Donald J. Trump attended one. Two cartes de visite of cadets illustrate the text.

Carried into Battle: Images that came under fire—and survived (pp. 45-53)
A rare grouping of images found on battlefields includes an ambrotype taken from the body of a dead Confederate at Port Hudson, La., a carte de visite of a Union soldier found by “W.A.S.” at The Wilderness, a tintype of a federal corporal discovered at Shiloh, an ambrotype of a civilian picked up by a noncommissioned officer at Shiloh, a carte de visite of a sister carried by her brother at Irish Bend, La., and a group of five cartes de visite pierced by a bullet at Petersburg.

At Franklin, “Killed Dead:” Life and loss of a Georgia lieutenant by Willis Treadwell with Ronald S. Coddington (pp. 54-57)
Among the men who perished in the crushing Confederate defeat at the Battle of Franklin was a Georgia husband and father of four, George Washington Whitecotton. He is buried in the McGavock Cemetery. His portrait and a photo of the watch returned to his family illustrates the text.

The Virtuous Knight of the Orphan Brigade: Kentucky’s Lafayette Hewitt by Brian Boeve with Rusty Hicks (pp. 58-61)
Known as Fayette to his family and comrades, Hewitt started the Civil War as an employee in the fledgling Confederate postal service. He left to join the army and served at first in a staff position. He eventually realized his goal of serving as a combat officer—and he became a distinguished fighter. His legacy includes important primary source records that detail the history of his beloved Orphan Brigade. His portrait illustrates the text.

Here Among the Chiefs: The Cherokee Nation’s Lewis Downing, in gray and blue by Scott Vezeau with Ronald S. Coddington (pp. 62-65)
The Civil War divided the Cherokee Nation as much as it did the North and South. One of the men who ultimately sided with the Union, Lewis Downing, started his military career as a Confederate chaplain. After President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, he had a change of heart—and uniform. A rare portrait of the man who would someday lead his people is inscribed on the back in Cherokee.

A Few Minutes and a Street Block: A Massachusetts soldier recalls his wounding at Fredericksburg by Scott Valentine (pp. 67-69)
Josiah Fitch Murphey, a sergeant in the 20^th Massachusetts Infantry, was struck in the face by a bullet during the early stages of the Battle of Fredericksburg. “Drenched in blood and feeling faint, he stumbled down Hawke Street and back across the river to a field hospital quartered at the Lacy House,” notes the author. Murphey survived his wound, but the pain stayed with him for a lifetime. His portrait illustrates the text.

Rare profile portrait of the Confederacy’s First General by John O’Brien (pp. 70-71)
A rare image of Gen. Samuel Cooper, and three other portraits of the first soldier to be appointed general in the regular army of the Confederacy, includes a biographical sketch. The second and third generals were Robert E. Lee and Joseph E. Johnston.

The Boat that Brought Stonewall Home: A unique panoramic view evokes the life and death of Gen. Thomas J. Jackson by Warren “H” Shindle (pp. 72-73)
Two images, one well known and another never before published, form a panorama of a section of the James River & Kanawha Canal. Floating on the waterway is the packet boat Marshall, which carried Stonewall Jackson’s remains to its final resting place. Among the landmarks in the background is the ruins of Virginia Military Institute, where Jackson served as an instructor.

The Origin of Military Images by Harry Roach (p. 74)
The founding editor and publisher of MI recounts how he started the magazine, and how he came to be inspired by photo historian William Frassanito. The essay is part of Pioneers, an occasional series that documents Civil War photograph collectors and how they got started.

Stragglers: Distinctive Images from MI contributors (p. 75)
Four images are included, and each portrait features a man with the Stars and Stripes.

The Honored Few: Medal of Honor Recipients (p. 76)
In “’Red Burial Blent’ at Nashville, the actions of Col. Philip Sidney Post are detailed. “He was calm, imperturbable, absolutely unaffected by the surroundings, simply going right at the great object that was in front of him.” That object was the Confederate army. Post received the Medal of Honor for his actions.

Sutler’s Row (p. 79)

The Last Shot (p. 80)
A quarter-plate tintype from the Rick Brown Collection is a portrait of a Southern trooper who may hail from Mississippi.

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Vol. XXI, No. 5
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Cover image
A large format albumen print courtesy Jack Reeves pictures West Point cadets confronting an engineering challenge circa 1890-1910.

Editor’s Desk (p. 3)
The editor introduces the long-awaited New York issue and thanks Guest Editor Bob Mulligan for his outstanding efforts, and mentions an upcoming exhibit on Maine in the Civil War, a new website for Indiana soldiers and symposia about women in the Civil War.

Mail Call (pp. 4-5)
Letters about the identity of the soldier on the cover of the last issue dominate. The general consensus is that the man is not John Singleton Mosby.

New York and the War of the Rebellion by Robert Mulligan (pp. 6-8)
The author, in his role as Guest Editor, provides background and context around the Empire State in this introduction. The text is illustrated with portraits of Pvt. Henry N. Francis of the 21^st New York Infantry, and a group of post-war veterans at a reunion.

The Union Continentals by Ben Maryniak (pp. 9-11)
A home guard composed of retired military officers, the Union Continentals were led by former President Millard Fillmore. His likeness, in uniform, as well as images of Chaplain John C. Lord and three other men, accompany the historical sketch.

Uniforms & History by Michael J. McAfee (pp. 12-13)
In “The New York State Jacket, 1861,” McAfee examines the uniform and its distinctive jacket with cloth shoulder straps. A dozen soldier portraits show variations in the design.

How I Spent My Summer Vacation, or “Murdered in Texas Since the War” by Scott Valentine (pp. 16-18)
The author takes readers on the photo sleuthing journey prompted by the acquisition of a carte de visite of Lt. George Washington Smith of the 123^rd New York Infantry—an image that he at first was not especially interested in. The image illustrates the text.

“Mary…You Will Find an Ambrotype” The Letters of Justus Grant Matteson and Mary Hatch edited by Paul S. Johnson (pp. 18-19)
A tintype of Matteson illustrates the text of this story, which provides details of his life and military service in the 10^th New York Cavalry.

A German Regiment in the Civil War: The 45^th New York State Volunteer Infantry “5^th German Rifles” by William J. Halpin (pp. 20-23)
This regimental history is illustrated with 11 portraits, including Lt. Col. Augustus Dobke, Lt. Augustus Basson, Lt. Henry Wexel, Capt. William Dross, Lt. Herman Roeke, Capt. Herman Weller, Sgt. Eml Burchard, Pvt. Peter Lander, Capt. William Syring, Lt. Felix Metzinger and Pvt. Anton Jesbera.

The Ninth’s New Colonel: A humorous tale of Old New York by Robert E. Mulligan Jr. (pp. 24-26)
Reprinted from the March/April 1983 issue. The tale of how the 9th Regiment of Infantry, National Guard, State of New York avoided disbandment in 1870 involves individuals of power and position, and with connections to Tammany Hall. “Jubilee Jim” Fisk was well-known to New Yorkers and despite his total lack of military ability, he was elected as the colonel of the unit. He was able to use his deep pockets to ensure the continuation of the 9th. The article recounts the events of July 12, 1871: the anniversary of the Battle of the Boyne, which set the Irish and their rival Orangemen against one another. As the Orangemen marched, a number of regiments were ordered to provide them protection, including the 9th. Colonel Jim ended up injured and disguised to escape as gunfire between the marchers, regiments, and the crowd rang out, while four guardsmen, 41 citizens, and no Orangemen lay dead.

Captain White’s Saber by Robert E. Mulligan Jr. (pp. 26-28)
The author begins the story of Patrick White, an officer in the Chicago Mercantile Battery, by describing his sword, a beat-up relic located at the bottom of a shelf in the New York State Museum’s storage area. “On shelves above this sorry sword glitter half a dozen fancy presentation blades. But of all the swords in the collection, this one is the best.” He then explains why. The sword and two wartime portraits of White illustrate the text.

“God Be Merciful” Letters of Arthur O’Keeffe 34^th New York Infantry, 1861-1862 by Elizabeth O’Keeffe Fiore (pp. 29-30)
Quotes from letters tell the story of the life of this soldier, whose service was cut short when he was mortally wounded at the Battle of Antietam. His body was never recovered.

Her Name Was “Della” Graves by D.L. Odom (pp. 31-32)
Sarah Adele “Della” Graves, suffered many losses in her life—several children and a brother during the Civil War. The war also caused another brother to be disabled and a brother-in-law to be captured by Confederates. The author tells their stories, which are illustrated with portraits of Della, her husband, Sgt. Edwin Graves of the 110^th New York Infantry, Edwin’s comrade, Henry Monroe Hammond, and an unknown corporal who may be Della’s brother Edmund Wilson of the 24^th New York Infantry.

The Rise and Fall of “Boss” Hogg 2^nd New York Heavy Artillery by Michael Thaler (pp. 33-35)
George Hogg, notes the author in the introduction to this story, “managed to pack a prodigious amount of mischief into his four-year military career.” What follows is an accounting of various infractions that marred his record. Still, his troubles did not prevent him from becoming the regiment’s lieutenant colonel. His tintype illustrates the text.

New York’s Bureau of Military Statistics by Daniel Lorello (pp. 36-39)
The author, a senior archivist at the New York State Archives, provides an accounting of the bureau and the work it performed during the war. Key to the organization is Lockwood Lyon Doty, the bureau’s first chief. His portrait, and an outdoor image believes to be the Troy Citizens Corps, illustrate the text.

The Separate Companies of the National Guard, State of New York, 1863-1903 by Anthony Gero (pp. 40-44)
This short history includes an account of its militia roots from 1803 to 1863, at which time the National Guard was established. The uniforms of the Guard changed as the state and the rest of the nation advanced through the latter half of the 19^th century. Some of the changes are documented in photographs from the author’s collection, which include 10 examples published here. An additional photo, a group of veterans at the dedication of the monument to “Cowan’s Battery,” 1^st Independent Battery, at Gettysburg’s Bloody Angle on July 3, 1887, rounds out the narrative.

Sutler’s Row (pp. 45-48)

Back cover
A quarter-plate tintype from the Michael Donahue Collection pictures Sgt. Edwin T. Marsh of the 140^th New York Infantry at Warrenton, Va., in December 1863.

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Vol. XXI, No. 4
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Cover image
A half-plate ruby ambrotype from the Al Holzinger Collection pictures an unknown soldier that some believe may be a young John Singleton Mosby.

Editor’s Desk (p. 3)
The editor explains that the New York issue has been pushed back, mentions that Wisconsin and Tennessee issues are in planning, and that The Western Reserve Historical Society will host a special Civil War exhibit.

Mail Call (pp. 4-5)
Letters include a call to action to maintain the Gettysburg monuments, praise for Southern Soldiers, questions about the identity of two portraits, and more.

Uniforms & History by Michael J. McAfee (pp. 6-7)
In “3^rd Regiment New Jersey Volunteer Cavalry, 1864-65 (1^st U.S. Hussar Regiment) ‘A Horse to Ride and a Sword to Wield,’” McAfee examines the distinctive uniform and history of the “Butterfly Regiment.” The text is illustrated with portraits of Conrad Warnick of Company M and an unknown first sergeant. Also included is an engraving from Leslie’s Illustrated.

Will the Real John Singleton Mosby Please Stand Up? Wild-eyed speculation by Harry Roach (pp. 8-9)
The editor and publisher makes the case that the soldier pictured on the cover may in fact be a young Mosby. A comparison of the image to four known portraits of Mosby illustrates the text.

The Musket Bullets Rattled Like Hail Against the Bulwarks: Excerpts from the diary of Pvt. George Varnick, U.S.M.C. Marine Guard, U.S.S. Richmond, Mississippi River, April 24-May 1, 1862 edited by David M. Sullivan (pp. 10-17)
The dramatic capture and occupation of New Orleans is the focal point of diary entries by Varnick, who joined the Marines at Philadelphia on June 5, 1860.

Josiah Archibald Lee, Private, Company I, The Pettus Rifles, 17^th Mississippi Infantry, C.S.A. by Bruce Reith (pp. 18-19)
Lee was one of four brothers who served in the regiment. Though wounded at Gettysburg and Richmond, he survived the war and lived until 1907. His wartime portrait illustrates the text. Also included are vignette profiles of his brothers, John, William and Giles.

My Old Blue Cavalry Trowsers: a poem by Winsor Bruce Smith, late sergeant, 1^st Maine Cavalry by James J. Hennessey (pp. 20-21)
Well-worn paints of faded blue dominate the first stanza of a poem by Smith, who survived capture at Weldon Railroad, Va., on Sept. 29, 1864, and imprisonment in Richmond. Known as “Win” to intimates, he died on June 25, 1885—exactly 20 years to the day if his discharge from the army. A portrait of Smith illustrates the text.

“I am Tired of Curing Wounds…I Now Prefer to Make Them” The life & death of Lucius Manlius Sargent, 1^st Massachusetts Cavalry by Paul R. Johnson, M.D., F.A.C.S., and Samuel B. Burgess, M.D., F.C.A.P. (pp. 22-28)
Artist, surgeon and soldier, Sargent practices all three with success—until a rebel shell struck him in the chest during a fight at Bellfield, Va., on Dec. 9, 1864. His wartime portrait, examples of his illustrations and surgical kit illustrate the text.

Bvt. Brig. Gen. F.A. Starring: Opportunist or Ideal Soldier? by Richard K. Tibbals (pp. 29-37)
The author explores the web of connections between Starring and other senior officers in an effort to answer the question in the headline. A series of portraits of Starring along with other soldiers in his orbit, including Brig. Gen. Thomas E.G. Ransom, Gen. Mason Brayman, Capt. William A. Bailhache, Lt. George Colby, Pvt. Anson Hemingway, Maj. Joseph Stockton and Lt. Col. Joseph Wright.

Passing in Review (p. 38)
Three publications are mentioned, Faded Coat of Blue (Avon Books) by Owen Parry, Gettysburg’s Unknown Soldier: The Life, Death, and Celebrity of Amos Humiston (Praeger) by Mark H. Dunkelman and Custer and His Commands from West Point to Little Big Horn (Stackpole Books) by Kurt Hamilton Cox.

Light & Shadow: Technical Aspects of Photography & Collecting (p. 39)
Caring for tintypes and ambrotypes are discussed in this installment.

Captain Bob’s Caveat Emptorium (p. 43)
A photo of Lord Cardigan himself is offered by the cheeky Captain. As usual, he’s trying to pull one over on us.

Sutler’s Row (p. 40)

Back cover
A quarter-plate ambrotype from the Richard Tibbals Collection pictures a militiaman in a uniform based on George Washington’s Continentals.

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Vol. XXI, No. 3
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Cover image
A quarter-plate daguerreotype from Brian Massey pictures his ancestor, Brig. Gen. Paul Quattlebaum, commanding the 3^rd Brigade, South Carolina uniformed militia, circa 1846-1853.

Editor’s Desk (p. 5)
The editor shares details about the upcoming New York issue, notes another upcoming issue dedicated to women and announces the opening of The National Museum of the Civil War Soldier at the Pamplin Historical Park in Petersburg, Va.

Mail Call (pp. 6-7)
Letters include comments about Cherbourg photographer Rondin, praise for Jerry Harlowe’s Swan Song and the Indian Wars issue, correction on the misidentification of a vivandière and more

A “Salty” Salt Print…Perhaps taken by an “old salt?” by Earl Sheck (pp. 8-11)
The author explains how photo analysis led him to probably identifications of many of the 13 navy and two Marine officers pictured on the deck of the Colorado. The identified men supported by other photographs include Masters T. Steece and Joseph Tuck, Marine officers McLane Tilton and E.M. Reynolds, Executive Officer Lt. A.V. Reed, Asst. Surg. A. Hudson, Paymaster H. Etting and Midshipman F.J. Higginson. Other men in the image are identified by their rank but are not supported by other photographs.

Great Guns! Top images at the 1999 Gettysburg Show (pp. 12-23)
A gallery of 37 plate and paper images reveal a diversity of subjects, including a monster cannon, navy vessels and personnel, infantrymen, cavalry soldiers, militiamen, soldiers with brass instruments, Zouaves, a lone Chasseur, post-Civil War leathernecks, double-images and more.

The 44^th Massachusetts at Camp Meigs: A panorama of the training camp at Readville by Paul R. Johnson, M.D. (pp. 24-27)
The author places context around a unique panoramic images and highlights two sections of the image that are especially relevant. A second image, a group of men from the regiment posed with a flag upon which is printed GUM SWAMP!!!, relates to an expedition in North Carolina in 1863.

Southern Soldiers (pp. 28-38)
A survey of 30 Confederate soldier portraits are mostly unidentified. Some names, however, are known. They include John Warwick Daniel of the staff of Gen. Jubal Early, Charles Carter Minor of Virginia’s Albemarle Artillery, Glenmore M. Turner of the 11^th Virginia Infantry, E.S. Drew of Louisiana’s Washington Artillery, John G. Lee of the 18^th Virginia Infantry, W.T. Newman of the 64^th Georgia Infantry, John A. Rawle of Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest’s artillery, Conquest Cross Harris of the 12^th Tennessee Infantry and Bell’s Cavalry Brigade, John Gross of the 42^nd Virginia Infantry and James Risque Hutter of the 11^th Virginia Infantry.

Passing in Review (p. 39)
One publication is mentioned, U.S.S. New Ironsides in the Civil War (Naval Institute Press) by William H. Roberts.

Friend or Foe? (pp. 40-41)
Readers are challenged to identify five soldier portraits as American or not.

Uniforms & History by Michael J. McAfee (pp. 42-43)
In “8^th Regiment Heavy Artillery, New York Volunteers, 1862-65 ‘The Sons of Friends and Neighbors,’” McAfee examines the uniform and history of the regiment. The text is illustrated with portraits of Pvt. Elisha Wentworth and Corp. (later Quartermaster Sgt.) Stephen Vail.

Captain Bob’s Caveat Emptorium (p. 43)
A photo of Lord Cardigan himself is offered by the cheeky Captain. As usual, he’s trying to pull one over on us.

Sutler’s Row (pp. 44-46)

Stragglers (pp. 47-48)
Solo images from the collections of our readers features eight examples, including “Morning scene at Camp Lander. Lieuts. Davis & Holbrook.” One of the two officers is pulling on his boot.

Back cover
A sixth-plate ambrotype from the Roy Mantle Collection pictures Capt. Henry C. Risdon of the 23^rd New Jersey Infantry.

The complete issue

Vol. XXI, No. 2
(40 pages)

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Cover image
A cabinet card from the B. William Henry Collection pictures Guy V. Henry, West Point Class of 1861, Civil War colonel, Medal of Honor recipient and Indian Wars commander.

Editor’s Desk (p. 3)
The editor notes reaction to the $387,500 price for a Southworth & Hawes daguerreotype at auction, the opening of an exhibit about Varina Davis at the Confederate Museum in New Orleans and a new website for 1861 Uniform Regulations of the U.S. army.

Mail Call (p. 4)
A comment about a photo on page 45 of Volume XXI Number 1 notes that an image pictured on the page id a member of the 103^rd New York National Guard.

Passing in Review (p. 5)
Two publications are mentioned, Into the Fight: Pickett’s Charge at Gettysburg (White mane Publishing Co.) by John Michael Priest and India-Rubber and Gutta-Percha in the Civil War Era: An Illustrated History of Rubber and Pre-Plastic Antiques and Militaria (O’Donnell Publications) by Mike Woshner.

Peacekeepers & Indian Fighters, The U.S. Army in the West, 1866-1898: A photographic survey compiled from the collections of our readers (pp. 6-11)
A gallery of 17 images includes soldiers and Native American warriors.

Uniforms & History by Michael J. McAfee (pp. 12-13)
In “Sack Coat to Blouse: Fatigue uniforms after the Civil War” McAfee examines the ubiquitous blue coat and notes how it changed. Three images showing soldiers in the 1872, 1874 and 1887 pattern blouses illustrate the text.

West Pointers in the West: Brief portraits of young regulars on the frontier by David Neville (pp. 14-16)
Profiles and portraits of cavalrymen include Alexander Oswald Brodie and Robert P.P. Wainwright of the 1^st, Charles Francis Roe of the 2^nd, Charles King and William Scribner Schuyler of the 5^th and Charles Larned of the 7^th.

Boots and Saddles: Images of the Indian-fighting army in the collection of B. William Henry (pp. 17-33)
A survey of 44 images includes Lt. Gen. Philip Henry Sheridan, 2^nd Lt. Henry Haviland Wright and other portraits, plus interior and exterior views of places associated with the frontier. Collector Bill Henry, a former historian with the National Park Services, amassed the images over a period of 25 years.

Fort Wadsworth: Views of a prairie bastion in the Dakota Territory by John Adams-Graf (pp. 34-37)
A history of the fort is illustrated with three outdoor photographs, a sketch and portraits of soldiers William Stanley, Jesse Alvin Penn Hampson and Theodore Schwann.

Sutler’s Row (pp. 38-39)

Back cover
A cabinet card from the Mahlon Nichols Collection pictures Joseph Culbertson Sr., an army scout, shaking the hand of his old friend Feather Ear Ring.

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Vol. XXI, No. 1
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Cover image
A sixth-plate ambrotype from the Dean Sprowl Collection is an intense young man with a double-barrel shotgun, double-guard saber, Sheffield-style knife and a Colt pistol.

Editor’s Desk (p. 3)
The editor notes the opening of a research library at Fort Riley, Kan., a new policy that allows digital images to be accepted for publication in the magazine, plans for New York and Indian War issues and more.

Mail Call (pp. 5-7)
Letters include the identification of the real Lt. Rogers, Gardner’s Antietam photos, Illinois Prussians, Fort Delaware, a humorous take on the May/June cover photograph and more.

Passing in Review (pp. 8-9)
Three publications are mentioned, Letters to Amanda: The Civil War Letters of Marion Hill Fitzpatrick, Army of Northern Virginia (Mercer University Press) edited by Jeffrey Lowe and Sam Hodges, Strike the Blow for Freedom, the 6^th United States Colored Infantry in the Civil War (White Mane Publishing) by James M. Paradis and Fort Robinson and the American West 1874-1899 (Nebraska State Historical Society) by Thomas R. Buecker.

“There Has Been a Serious Disturbance at Charleston…” The 54^th Illinois vs. the Copperheads by Richard K. Tibbals (pp. 10-16)
The battle that cost the lives of nine soldiers and left another dozen wounded occurred on March 28, 1864, in the soldiers’ hometown of Charleston, Ill. The author tells the story of this battle and provides background information on its key players. The narrative is illustrated with the regiment’s colonel, Greenville Mitchell, privates Henry York and Stephen Monroe. And Surg. Shubal York. Also included is an 1864 of the Coles County Courthouse in Charleston.

The Auction Block (p. 16)

Monsieur Rondin Again: More views of the U.S.S. Kearsarge by a Cherbourg photographer by Michael Hammerson (pp. 17-19)
A follow up to a story that appeared in the January-February 1998 issue, the author turned up more images of the Kearsarge in England. All are credited to Rondin. The images are detailed here.

Swan Song by Jerry Harlowe (pp. 20-23)
A carte de visite of the gundeck of the U.S. warship Augusta in the Canadian harbor of Halifax, Nova Scotia, provides the entry point for a history of the vessel and its connection to the Emperor of Russia, American foreign policy and the first-ever crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by a U.S. ironclad, the Miantonomoh. Also included are images of the ironclad, Cmdr. Alexander Murray of the Augusta and Assistant Secretary of the Navy Gustavus Fox.

Mystery Photographer of Pulaski, Tennessee: Portraits of the 9^th Indiana Cavalry by John Sickles (pp. 24-27)
A gallery of nine images, paper and plate, are all linked by an ornate painted backdrop with a flag-flying fortress situated upon a rocky bluff. They are also linked to the 9^th Indiana Cavalry, several members of which are identified here: Maj. Patrick Carland, Pvt. William McFarlan, Pvt. Robert C. Spell, Bugler Marshall Jenkins and Pvt. Alonzo Burkett.

General Deception by Lester Horwitz (p. 28)
Richard Curd Morgan and his younger brother, Gen. John Hunt Morgan, were captured during the aftermath of fighting at Buffington Island, Ohio. Four months later, when Gen. Morgan escaped from prison, it was brother Richard who created a successful ruse. The full story includes a wartime image of Richard.

Annapolis ’68: A trio of vignettes from the U.S. Naval Academy by Jerry Harlowe and Mike Fitzpatrick (pp. 29-30)
Profiles and portraits feature Warner Cowgill, George E. Mills and Charles A. Copp.

The Sharp End: Vignettes from the Union infantry (pp. 30-33)
Profiles and portraits feature Madison M. Cannon of the 1^st New Jersey Infantry and 40^th New York Infantry, Edward L. Porter of the 2^nd and 18^th Connecticut infantries, Milton M. Holland of the 5^th U.S. Colored Infantry, Reuben R. Myers of the 30^th Indiana Infantry, Berkley P. Blewitt of the 20^th and 88^th Pennsylvania infantries and the 24^th Veteran Reserve Corps, and Contract Surgeon William D. Lee.

Tennessee Two-Step: A small incident in a large war by Roger Norland (pp. 34-37)
The Battle of the Corncrib, fought near Nolensville, Tenn., on Feb. 15^th, 1863, was a most minor affair and had no strategic outcome. But it was a decided victory for a squad of soldiers from Company D of the 2^nd Minnesota Infantry who took on an oversized company of Confederates. Images of six of the Minnesotans are included: Joseph Burger, Charles Liscom, Milton Hanna, John Vale, Samuel Leslie and Livilo Holmes.

Captain Bob’s Caveat Emptorium (p. 37)
Self-styled “Capitano Roberto” is offering up a pair of images of twin brothers from the 4^th New York Infantry for the low price of $375. This time, you might take the deal because the real story is more impressive than the Captain’s hogwash.

Light & Shadow: Technical Aspects of Photography and Collecting (p. 38)
A series of three advertisements in the American Star in occupied Mexico City tells a story of daguerreotypists working during the Mexican War era.

Uniforms & History by Michael J. McAfee (p. 39)
In “65^th New York Volunteer Infantry—1^st U.S. Chasseurs” McAfee examines the uniforms of this unit. A cartes de visite of Quartermaster Sgt. Edward Welch illustrates the text.

Sutler’s Row (pp. 41-44)

Stragglers (pp. 45-48)
Solo photos from the collections of our readers features 17 images, including an unidentified vivandière, William McDaniel of the 3^rd Michigan Cavalry, 1^st Sgt. Herbert Greenslitt of the 143^rd Pennsylvania Infantry, 2^nd Lt. Robert Fletcher of the 1^st U.S., Artillery and U.S. Marines David Cornell and Isaac Stover.

Back cover
Two hard-plate images from the Tom Molocea Collection include a pioneer with his brassards and a pair of Yankees in front of the Michigan backdrop. One of the men in the latter image is Ebenezer Bartlett of the 105^th Pennsylvania Infantry.

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Vol. XX, No. 6
(48 pages)

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Inside

Cover image
A sixth-plate ambrotype, circa 1856, from the Michael F. Bremer Collection shows a droll-looking soldier or student reading a copy of Devereaux – probably a biography of Robert Devereaux, the Earl of Essex, or the opera of the same name by Gaetano Donizetti – here published as a volume of “The Railway Library.”

Editor’s Desk (p. 3)
The editor opines on photography as an ephemeral medium, notes classes on 19^th century photographic techniques at the George Eastman House Museum of Photography and announces an upcoming feature about Union army rank insignia.

Mail Call (pp. 4-5)
Letters include an apology from author Chris Nelson for omitting a credit, cheers for MI on its 20^th years, corrections for the “Dandy 7^th,” praise for “Six from Sickles” and more.

Passing in Review (p. 7)
One publication is mentioned, Buff Facings and Gilt Buttons (University of South Carolina Press) by J. Boone Bartholomees Jr.

In the Fort Delaware Death Pen: A Mississippi Trooper’s Descent Into Hell by Martin L. Callahan (pp. 9-12)
David McElwain of the 2^nd Mississippi Cavalry was captured in Ripley, Tenn., on May 22, 1863, and sent to Fort Delaware—a prison dreaded by Confederate prisoners of war. McElwain was one of the lucky souls to survive. This is his story and a larger narrative of life inside the prison. The text is illustrated with wartime and postwar portraits of McElwain, an image of another prisoner, Quartermaster Sgt. William J. Darden of the 5^th Texas Infantry, and illustrations of the prison.

 Revenue Stamps & Civil War Photos: An Exploration of Those Little Stamps on CDVs by David A. Norris (pp. 13-15)
The author explains the purpose of the stamps affixed to the backs of cartes de visite, and illustrates the narrative with three representative images.

 A Life in Uniform: The Craig Harburton Album by Jeff Thompson (pp. 16-17)
A series of images traces the life of Harburton from a boy dressed in military costume in June 1861 to a circa 1876 militiaman in Philadelphia’s elite cavalry unit, the 1^st City Troop.

Light & Shadow: Technical Aspects of Photography and Collecting (p. 18)
A listing of format types and their definitions answers the question, “What’s in a name?”

A Life in Uniform, II: Photos from the Album of James Reagles, M.D., Military Surgeon by Paul R. Johnson, M.D., F.A.C.S. (pp. 19-23)
A series of images traces the life and military service of the doctor from his Civil War service as a volunteer in the 62^nd New York Infantry to his retirement in 1908 as a captain in the Medical Corps of the regular army.

Union Dead…Confederate Dead: Locating Alexander Gardner’s Antietam Views #550 and #555 by Robert Kalasky (pp. 24-29)
The author’s photo sleuthing in the William Frassanito tradition examines two views of battlefield dead.

Your Affectionate Son: The Civil War letters of Pvt. Harley J. Hilborn, 145th Pennsylvania Volunteers edited by Eileen Conklin (pp. 30-36)
Personal letters, among the most touching we’ve ever read, was specially selected for reprint in this final issue of Volume XX. The letters were originally printed in Volume II, March/April 1981.

One Private’s War: The memoirs and photographs of Thomas Jefferson Moses, 93rd Illinois Infantry, 1862-1865 edited by Scott Cross (pp. 37-39)
Early and late-war portraits of Moses illustrate his narrative, which includes references to Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s Northern Mississippi Campaign, the Yazoo Pass Expedition and Vicksburg. Images of comrades J. Phillip Garman, Luther Hess and Ellias Kastenbader are also included.

Luck Run Out: Edwin Bartlett & Edwin Whitney, 10th Massachusetts Infantry by Richard K. Tibbals (pp. 40-42)
Friends and fellow lieutenants, the two officers survived the biggest battles in the East with nothing more than the most minor of wounds. But their luck changed on May 18, 1864, in the vicinity of Spotsylvania, Va.

Captain Bob’s Caveat Emptorium (p. 43)
Armed Confederate cavalryman or Garibaldino from the War for Italian Unification? Buyer beware!

The Auction Block (p. 43)

Uniforms & History by Michael J. McAfee (pp. 44-45)
In “20th New York Volunteer Infantry, The United Turner Rifles” McAfee examines the uniforms of the unit. Two cartes de visite of enlisted men, August Werthoff and Henry Buehler, illustrate the text.

Sutler’s Row (pp. 46-47)

Stragglers (p. 48)
Solo photos from the collections of our readers includes one image of two Union soldiers posed with Prussian Model 1809 muskets.

Back cover
A carte de visite from the Guy Smith Collection is a view of Union-occupied New Bern, N.C.